Facts about Indian Railways

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0ze4OMi6wvfkcBxib-9rExCIpECuYp2bEY9t2M7eOayDJbWVs9aTaoMgA0S4l1ntvle-cK46KZKFqT6JTlCfKyc0raBqj-Amv-tsyI7I4IqSFKCity3_oGJjjoetT1gwNG9fxQR9U0oE/s1600/IR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Facts about Indian Railways" border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0ze4OMi6wvfkcBxib-9rExCIpECuYp2bEY9t2M7eOayDJbWVs9aTaoMgA0S4l1ntvle-cK46KZKFqT6JTlCfKyc0raBqj-Amv-tsyI7I4IqSFKCity3_oGJjjoetT1gwNG9fxQR9U0oE/s320/IR.jpg" title="Facts about Indian Railways" width="320" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Facts about Indian Railways</td></tr> </tbody></table> <h2 style="text-align: left;"> Facts about Indian Railways</h2> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Amazing facts about Indian Railways</h3> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> The Indian Railways</h4> <div style="text-align: left;"> <br /> 1. On 16th April 1853 Saturday around 3.35 pm when first Indian railway was flagged off it traveled 34 Km. At present The total distance covered by the 14,300 trains on the Indian Railways everyday, equals to three & half times the distance to the moon.<br /> <br /> 2.-The 1st train in India on 16th April 1853 carried as many as 400 passengers in its 14 coaches on its debut run. Now Indian Railways carries over 13 million passengers & 1.3 million tones of freight everyday It runs about 14,300 trains daily.<br /> <br /> 3. The First train was hauled by three engines -- Sindh, Sahib and Sultan, the Steam Locomotives. At Present Most powerful locomotive is Electric locomotive WAG-9. The 6,350 horsepower beast, which is homed at Gomoh, Ajni, Lallaguda, Tughlakabad and Bhilai. Modified version of WAG-9 is named WAP 7. It is capable of hauling 24 coach trains at speeds ranging between 140 and 160 km per hour. Now we have Solar power run trains as well.<br /> <br /> 4. The Tents were erected at Thane station for welcome of the maiden journey of Indian railways. At present India has almost 7,500 railway stations, and many are equipped with sophisticated amenities for passengers.<br /> <br /> 5.The Great Indian Peninsula Railway was the 1st railway company of India. Now India Government is sole owner of the Indian Railways. Pre-Independence, about 42 Railway companies were operated in India. <br /> <br /> 6. The Great Indian Peninsula Railway had ordered a set of 8 locomotives from Vulcan Foundry, England, in the beginning of the railways operations in India. but now India is home for many kinds of Locomotives, ie., Electric Locomotives are manufactured at Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, Chittaranjan and Diesel Locomotives are manufactured in Varanasi. Yet soon India is going to get the first Bullet train from Japan.<br /> <br /> <center> <script async="" src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <!-- 12-03-2014 --> <ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1278965062229043" data-ad-slot="7904427616" style="display: inline-block; height: 280px; width: 336px;"></ins><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></center> 7. Electric Trains : First Electric coach ran on the 3rd February 1925 between Bombay VT and Kurla stations. The First Diesel Locomotive from ALCO was imported in 1962 but from 1964 onwards Diesel Locomotives has been manufactured in India by the Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW), Varanasi.<br /> <br /> 8.  Air Cooling : Air Cooling was first introduced in 1st class coaches in 1874 in Great Indian Peninsular Railway. At present there are 10 types of classes is in the Indian Railways from AC 1class to unreserved coaches. <br /> <br /> 9. India's First Luxury train is Palace on Wheels. Indians were not allowed to board the Palace on Wheels luxury train for quite a while when it was 1st launched on Republic Day of 1982. Now Indian Railways have 5 types of most amazing luxury trains.<br />  <span style="color: #990000;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsfz0Bmgf-I" target="_blank">Maharaja Express A Royal Journey</a></span><br /> <br /> 10.Comforts on wheels: Toilets on trains were first introduced in 1891 in 1st class and in 1909 in lower classes. Now some of the trains are equipped with most advanced toilet systems.<br /> <br /> 11. First Railroad : The first railroad was constructed by two Indians (Jamsetjee  Jeejeebhoy and Jaganath Shunkerseth) and not the British. Jaganath Shunkerseth was one of the 10 Directors of The Great Indian Peninsula Railway. On 18th Nov 1952 few Engineers and 10 directors of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway company had a test run of the 1st rail.<br /> <br /> 12. Oldest Working Locomotive : Indian Railways still has the oldest preserved locomotive in working  order, the Fairy Queen which was made way back in 1855. It is the oldest functioning steam engine in the world. But The manufacture of steam locomotives in the country was stopped in 1972. <br /> <br /> <br /> 13. Underground Railway : First Underground Railway that was opened for public use was Calcutta Metro.24 October 1984. 4 Cities in India already have Metro Rail but 7 more cities are joining the club. <br /> <br /> 14 Computerized Reservations: The 1st Reservation through the computer System commenced in New Delhi in 1986. Now A mobile app system is introduced to track train schedules by Indian Railways in 2014.<br /> <br /> <br /> 15 The longest station name: Venkatanarasimharajuvaripeta is on the Arakkonam-Renigunta section near Chennai. The shortest station names are Ib, near Jharsuguda in Odisha and Od, near Anand in Gujarat.<br /> <br /> 16 OMG!!!  The Indian Railways website gets almost 12 Lakh hits per minute.<br /> Hourly traffic on IRTC.com is more than annual traffic of some of the most popular Indian websites. It can support almost 5 million threads at one time.<br /> <br /> 17 Amazing: Stations across State Lines are Navapur (Maharashtra and Gujarat) and Bhawani Mandi (Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan).<br /> <br /> 18. Railway Station with all the Three Gauges is Siliguri Railway Station.  Lucknow is the busiest junction in the nation: 64 trains come in and move out, every day. Junction with most number of routes  originating from it : Mathura junction with 7 routes.<br /> <br /> 19. Neverthless, Surekha Yadav née Surekha Shankar Yadav (born 2 September 1965) is the first female train driver for the Indian Railways in India, and also in Asia. She became India's first female train driver in 1988. she drove the Deccan Queen from Pune to CST.</div> </div>

Facts about Indian Railways

Facts about Indian Railways Facts about Indian Railways Amazing facts about Indian Railways The Indian Railways 1. On 16th Apri...

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El Niño and Indian Monsoon

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4bNy3sI0MxtQtEIDulGFs1sGTkst9SNoiTLNguNycDpKe0WB-r-tcIeQtvFKm3vwsT2OKu2bEgOO2yRV0nt47FUR3Y3o9S6XcOES3XJuy0KzZg8KO9NDCZ96NbPcCSckB-cvnOD3Zf_k/s1600/El+Nino.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="The El Niño" border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4bNy3sI0MxtQtEIDulGFs1sGTkst9SNoiTLNguNycDpKe0WB-r-tcIeQtvFKm3vwsT2OKu2bEgOO2yRV0nt47FUR3Y3o9S6XcOES3XJuy0KzZg8KO9NDCZ96NbPcCSckB-cvnOD3Zf_k/s1600/El+Nino.JPG" title="" width="320" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The El Niño</td></tr> </tbody></table> <h2 style="text-align: left;"> El Niño and Indian Monsoon </h2> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> El Niño Effects</h3> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> Indian Monsoon </h4> El Niño (Spanish pronunciation: [el ˈniɲo]) is a band of warm ocean water temperatures which periodically develops in the Pacific off South America coast.<br /> <br /> There is a phase of 'El Niño– Southern Oscillation' (ENSO), this refers to variations in the temperature on the surface of the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean and also in air surface pressure in the western tropical Pacific. The two variations are : the warm oceanic phase, called El Niño, accompanies high air surface pressure in the western Pacific, the other one is  the cold phase that is called La Niña, which accompanies low air surface pressure in the western Pacific.<br /> <center> <script async="" src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <!-- 12-03-2014 --> <ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1278965062229043" data-ad-slot="7904427616" style="display: inline-block; height: 280px; width: 336px;"></ins><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></center> <br /> Developing countries are dependent on agriculture and fishing, particularly those which are bordering in the Pacific Ocean, are the most affected by the both patterns. El niño is Spanish word for "the boy", and the capitalized term El Niño refers to the Christ child, Jesus. This term used because the periodic warming in the Pacific Ocean near South America is usually noticed around Christmas time.<br /> <br /> The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecast a strong 60 per cent probability of El Nino this year along with a below-normal monsoon projection that can cause drought-like conditions. <br /> <br /> El Nino is a weather condition of warming of sea surface temperatures which affect wind patterns and causes floods and droughts in different parts of the world. El Nino pattern lasts for about a year on average.<br /> <br /> According to Skymet, a private weather forecast company, El Nino has always opposite effect on Indian monsoon so it is said that these are inversely related. The most prominent droughts in India -  since 1871 -six of them - have been El Nino droughts. These are including the recent ones in 2002 and 2009.<br /> <br /> However, not all El Nino years can cause a drought in India. For example, 1997/98 was a strong El Nino year but there was no drought in India. On the other hand, in 2002 was a moderate El Nino but it resulted one of the worst droughts.<br /> <br /> Historical data for 126 years (1880-2005) compiled by Skymet says that the 90 per cent of all El Nino years have led to the below-normal rainfall and 65 per cent of evolving El Nino years have caused the droughts in India. However, one thing is clear from these data that El Nino years do affect monsoon rainfall in India. During this time, the rainfall is lot below normal, which will have its bearing on crop production as well.<br /> Here is the table shows the effect of El Nino on the Indian Monsoon<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkPP-gNr_ezLiH2FgF0DFCLTy0oKaexzGmxXtu-LrMIeK4ECMDzMsaiVts6vIG-K-UJ5qZQtyM56MJ2bbM6qDKqcGhO3c3IrA4oZmbvPP97fkd5eYtxssMQr3rLZRznfT5cMd26REuZY0/s1600/Monsoon.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="625" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkPP-gNr_ezLiH2FgF0DFCLTy0oKaexzGmxXtu-LrMIeK4ECMDzMsaiVts6vIG-K-UJ5qZQtyM56MJ2bbM6qDKqcGhO3c3IrA4oZmbvPP97fkd5eYtxssMQr3rLZRznfT5cMd26REuZY0/s1600/Monsoon.JPG" width="640" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> Source: Skymet</div> <br /></div> <center> <script async="" src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <!-- 12-03-2014 --> <ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1278965062229043" data-ad-slot="7904427616" style="display: inline-block; height: 280px; width: 336px;"></ins><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></center> </div>

El Niño and Indian Monsoon

The El Niño El Niño and Indian Monsoon  El Niño Effects Indian Monsoon El Niño (Spanish pronunciation: [el ˈniɲo]) is a band of ...

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How GDP is calculated

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2_O-PF_5dFAVGDqVDi76_yjf8rg-Ok6yEqpruYURpmtMv9xAoC9mu0wUeVIrrZa1kLJFGI_pvAToELz_NN7dRHl9LLiUcsxqhzdk2RiMVD_UFOROWFDWW0EKkbyg6PKnn5sVCKcO2vM8/s1600/GDP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="How GDP is calculated" border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2_O-PF_5dFAVGDqVDi76_yjf8rg-Ok6yEqpruYURpmtMv9xAoC9mu0wUeVIrrZa1kLJFGI_pvAToELz_NN7dRHl9LLiUcsxqhzdk2RiMVD_UFOROWFDWW0EKkbyg6PKnn5sVCKcO2vM8/s320/GDP.jpg" title="How GDP is calculated" width="320" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gross Domestic Product</td></tr> </tbody></table> <h2 style="text-align: left;"> How GDP is calculated</h2> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Gross Domestic Product</h3> GDP or Gross Domestic Product is a monetary measure of the market value in any country of all goods and services produced in a time period (quarterly or yearly). GDP estimates are generally used to find out the economic performance of a whole country or a region. GDP is the monetary criteria, which is used for international comparisons between two countries. This shows the complete economical health of a country or a region.<br /> <br /> The following factors are taken into consideration while calculating the GDP are :<br /> a. Industry (Industrial output)    <br /> b. Agriculture, forestry and fishing     <br /> c. Mining and quarrying productions    <br /> d. Manufacturing output    <br /> e. Electricity, gas and water supply    <br /> f. Construction    <br /> g. Trade, hotels, transport and communication    <br /> h. Financial ins., realestate. and business services    <br /> i. Community, social and personal services<br /> <br /> <center> <script async="" src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <!-- 12-03-2014 --> <ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1278965062229043" data-ad-slot="7904427616" style="display: inline-block; height: 280px; width: 336px;"></ins><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></center> GDP Annual Growth Rate in India is averaged 6.08 percent from 1951 until 2016. An all time high was recorded at 11.40 percent in the 1st quarter of 2010 and a record lowest at -5.20 percent in the 4th quarter of 1979. At present the growth rate is 7.3 percent.    <br /> <br /> GDP, in India, is calculated by the "Central Statistics Office" on the quarterly basis.  <br /> This can be calculated in few ways but in India GDP is calculated in 2 different ways:  a. on at the market prices b. at inflation adjusted prices.<br /> <br /> Expenditures of GDP at Market Prices<br /> <br /> The second method of calculating GDP is the "Expenditure Approach" and this method aggregates the following factors:<br /> <br /> Household consumption expenditure (C): This is the expenditure incurred by citizens on consuming goods and services like food, households, medical expenses, rent, etc.<br /> Government expenditure (G): This is the fund spent by the government on its activities like purchase of weapons for the military and salaries of public servants.<br /> Gross Capital Formation (I): This is the investment as capital which includes construction of infrastructure, purchase of machinery and equipment for a factory, purchase of software, expenditure on new houses, buying goods and services, which is taking place in the economy.<br /> Exports Less Imports(X): The value of exports surplus of imports in a time period.<br /> Then the value of GDP is as: <br /> GDP (Y) = C + I + G + X<br /> <br /> <br /> Important Points to consider while calculating GDP in India<br /> India is large country with diversity in Culture and Economy. So while calculating GDP many factors has to be consider cautiously of the Indian Economy due to its diversity.<br /> There are many different sectors contributing to the GDP such as agriculture, manufacturing, textile, telecommunication, information technology, petroleum, etc.<br /> These different sectors are classified into three segments, such as <br /> a. primary or agriculture sector, <br /> b. secondary sector or manufacturing sector, <br /> c. tertiary or service sector.<br /> <br /> With the inception of the digital era, Indian economy has great scopes in the future to become one of the leading economies in the world.<br /> India has become one of the most favored nations for outsourcing activities.<br /> India at present is one of the biggest exporter of highly skilled labour to different developed countries.<br /> The new sectors such as pharmaceuticals, nanotechnology, biotechnology, telecommunication, aviation, manufacturing, shipbuilding, and tourism is going to lead us into very high rate of growth.<br /> <br /> History of GDP<br /> First time in the history, William Petty came up with a unique concept of GDP to defend landlords. During the warfare between Dutch and English in 1652 to 1674  landlords kept unfair taxation on the workers. Charles Davenant developed further the method of GDP. The modern concept of GDP was first developed by Simon Kuznets and it was reported in the US Congress report in 1934. The GDP became the main tool in 1944 for measuring a country's economy after formula given by Bretton Woods.</div>

How GDP is calculated

Gross Domestic Product How GDP is calculated Gross Domestic Product GDP or Gross Domestic Product is a monetary measure of the mark...

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Countries and Capitals: North America

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div style="text-align: left;"> </div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div style="text-align: left;"> <div style="text-align: left;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJJGCNnC5aw_gOJXjO0cqY-2gpqB3wwSDAUX0HL1lA0WIyQr6bD0is6iQm1Xd9xvv5kTvnUmiwAxOUflpOabgh_dJCywKhsmSC-7ciFwtZenQSWr5rXaU_QY5TUuyKcTByr4MJx_c_ILQ/s1600/N+A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Countries and Capitals: North America" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJJGCNnC5aw_gOJXjO0cqY-2gpqB3wwSDAUX0HL1lA0WIyQr6bD0is6iQm1Xd9xvv5kTvnUmiwAxOUflpOabgh_dJCywKhsmSC-7ciFwtZenQSWr5rXaU_QY5TUuyKcTByr4MJx_c_ILQ/s1600/N+A.jpg" title="Countries and Capitals: North America" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">North America</td></tr> </tbody></table> <h2 style="text-align: left;"> Countries and Capitals</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: left;"> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> North America </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div style="text-align: left;"> <div style="text-align: left;"> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> Countries and Capitals: North America</h4> </div> </div> <div style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">North America is the Continent which has 23 countries with 7.5% of the world population. </span></span></div> <div style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt;"> <span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">This is a <span class="apple-converted-space">Continent </span>completely within the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the<span class="apple-converted-space"> Western Hemisphere</span>.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>North America has an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers (9,540,000 square miles), about 16.5% of the earth's land area. Arctic Ocean is in the North of the continent, to the east it is borders with the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the<span class="apple-converted-space"> Pacific Ocean</span> and to the southeast by<span class="apple-converted-space"> South</span> America<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and the<span class="apple-converted-space"> Caribbean Sea.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">The Americas<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #252525;"> </span></span><span style="color: #252525;">is named after the Italian explorer<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span>Amerigo Vespucci<span style="color: #252525;">.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Vespucci, explored South America between 1497 and 1502, he was the first<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span>European</span> <span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">to suggest that the Americas were not the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">East Indies, its different landmass altogether</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> 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Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} table.MsoTableGrid {mso-style-name:"Table Grid"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-priority:59; mso-style-unhide:no; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid windowtext; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> </div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"> <b><u><span style="font-size: 26.0pt; line-height: 115%;">NORTH AMERICA</span></u></b></div> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Country</span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Capital</span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Currency</span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Population</span></b></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Antigua and Barbuda</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">St. John's</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">East Caribbean dollar</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">89,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bahamas</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nassau</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bahamian dollar</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">379,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Barbados</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bridgetown</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Barbadian dollar</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">283,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Belize</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Belmopan</span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Belize dollar</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">369,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Canada</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ottawa</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Canadian dollar</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">35,819,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Costa Rica</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">San José</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Costa Rican colon</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">4,851,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Cuba</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Havana</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Cuban peso</span><span lang="ES" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">11,252,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dominica</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Roseau</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">East Caribbean dollar</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">71,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dominican Republic</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Santo Domingo</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dominican Peso</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">9,980,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">El Salvador</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">San Salvador</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">United States dollar</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">6,460,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Grenada</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">St. George's</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">East Caribbean dollar</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">104,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Guatemala</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Guatemala City</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Guatemalan quetzal</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">16,176,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Haiti</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Port-au-Prince</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Haitian gourde</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">10,994,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Honduras</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tegucigalpa</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Honduran lempira</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">8,950,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Jamaica</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kingston</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Jamaican dollar</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">2,729,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mexico</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mexico City</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mexican Peso</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">121,006,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nicaragua</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Managua</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nicaraguan Córdoba</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">6,514,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Panama</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Panama City</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Panamanian balboa, United States dollar</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">3,764,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Saint Kitts and Nevis</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Basseterre</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">East Caribbean dollar</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">46,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 20;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Saint Lucia</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Castries</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">East Caribbean dollar</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">172,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 21;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kingstown</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">East Caribbean dollar</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">110,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 22;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Trinidad and Tobago</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Port of Spain</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Trinidad and Tobago dollar</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">1,357,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 23; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">United States</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin: 2.25pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Washington, D.C.</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">United States dollar</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="background: #f9f9f9; color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">321,234,000</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> </div> <center> <script async="" src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <!-- 12-03-2014 --> <ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1278965062229043" data-ad-slot="7904427616" style="display: inline-block; height: 280px; width: 336px;"></ins><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></center> </div>

Countries and Capitals: North America

North America Countries and Capitals North America Countries and Capitals: North America North America is the Con...

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La- Nina

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVYyqm1-XQlKnRO3HU-iPEtdrvlIJztA28o2vj_RapZylbDvdDq_WKPCoF0x9h2-_GkMlixRbvSHAe9tF-EdSqCvS8z908KgS988Udaz83n2hqWvAiwhw70F-KK2RIiUEW1XaHUcAJuTM/s1600/Tropical+oceanic-atmospheric+phenomenon.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Tropical oceanic-atmospheric phenomenon" border="0" height="153" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVYyqm1-XQlKnRO3HU-iPEtdrvlIJztA28o2vj_RapZylbDvdDq_WKPCoF0x9h2-_GkMlixRbvSHAe9tF-EdSqCvS8z908KgS988Udaz83n2hqWvAiwhw70F-KK2RIiUEW1XaHUcAJuTM/s320/Tropical+oceanic-atmospheric+phenomenon.png" title="Tropical oceanic-atmospheric phenomenon" width="320" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tropical oceanic-atmospheric phenomenon</td></tr> </tbody></table> <h2 style="text-align: left;"> Tropical oceanic-atmospheric phenomenon</h2> <h3 style="text-align: left;">  La- Nina</h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> El-Nino </h3> <br /> Because of the following forces, winds move spirally outwards, away from high pressure areas into low pressure areas, spirally inwards: <br />  - Gravitational Force - compresses the atmosphere<br />  - Pressure Gradient Force - air moves into low-pressure (less compressed) from high-pressure (more compressed) <br />  - Coriolis Force - because Earth spins west to east, the velocity of earth's movement varies from the equator to the poles. This difference in earth's velocity causes and apparent deflection of air in the atmosphere  <br />  - Friction Force - is the force that winds have when they drag against the surface of Earth. This slows the surface winds more than the high level winds.<br /> <br /> On the equator, which is the hottest part on the earth, the following oceanic-atmospheric phenomena exist, that affect the climate of the tropical regions and sometimes, the climate of the whole planet:<br /> 1. ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) - occurs in the tropical region of the Pacific Ocean.<br /> <br /> 2. Indian Nino or IOD (Indian Ocean Dipole) - occurs in the tropical region of the Indian Ocean.<br /> <br /> 3. Atlantic Nino or Atlantic Equatorial Mode - occurs in the tropical region of the Atlantic Ocean<br /> <br /> These phenomena occur because<br /> - the surface temperature of ocean water is warm<br /> - the winds blow the warm water from high pressure areas to low pressure areas<br /> - the warm water is replaced by cold water from the lower levels of the ocean<br /> <br /> As a result of this wind and water movement, heavy rainfalls occur in high pressure areas and droughts occur in low pressure areas.<br /> <center> <script async="" src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <!-- 12-03-2014 --> <ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1278965062229043" data-ad-slot="7904427616" style="display: inline-block; height: 280px; width: 336px;"></ins><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></center> <br /> ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation)<br /> In the Pacific Ocean, there are three variations:<br /> <br /> - Normal- This is characterized by <br />     - High pressure in eastern Pacific (South America)<br />     - Low pressure in western Pacific (Indonesia)<br />     - The winds blow the warm surface air of the ocean from east to west. This is called as "Easterlies"<br />     - The warm water accumulates near Indonesia where it rises up as water vapor causing rainfall in this region<br />     - The Eastern Pacific region is relatively dry, but cool.<br />     - the cooler and nutrient rich water from the deeper levels of the Ocean surfaces on the eastern side of the Pacific which helps in the agriculture.<br /> <br /> - El Nino - This occurs when the pressure areas shift and is characterized by<br />     - Easterly trade winds becoming weaker or<br />     - High pressure in western Pacific (Indonesia) and a Low pressure in eastern Pacific (South America)<br />     - The winds blow the warm surface air of the ocean from west to east. This is called as "Westerlies"<br />     - The warm water is spread from Indonesia all the way to South America. <br />     - The warm water rises up as water vapor causing rainfall in this region, but this rainfall is not nutrient rich.<br />     - Droughts and heavy temperature in India, Indonesia, and Australia<br />     - Heavy rains hit East Africa. <br />     El Nino is also called:<br />      - Eastern Pacific (EP) El Nino - the normal El Nino<br />      - Central Pacific (CP) El Nino - is a variation of El Nino that occurs mostly in Central Pacific<br />      - "dateline" El Nino - is a variation of El Nino that occurs near the dateline<br />      - El Nino "Modoki" - is a variation of El Nino that occurs in Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean<br /> <br /> - La Nina - This is characterized by:<br />     - Higher than normal high pressure in eastern Pacific (South America)<br />     - Lower than normal low pressure in western Pacific (Indonesia)<br />     - Very strong winds blow the warm surface air of the ocean from east to west. This is called as "Easterlies"<br />     - The warm water accumulates near tropical Australia, Papua New-Guinea, and Indonesia where it rises up as water vapor causing rainfall in this region<br />     - The Eastern Pacific region and the central pacific region is cooler because the cooler and nutrient rich water from the deeper levels of the Ocean surfaces on the eastern side of the Pacific. As the winds keep blowing west, there is a build-up of cooler than normal subsurface Ocean waters in tropical Pacific. <br />     As the easterlies strengthen, the surfacing of cold water off Peru and Ecuador intensifies causing the sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) to drop below normal levels. According to records, during the 1988-89 La Niña episode, the SSTs fell by 4°C or 7°F below normal.<br />     - Drought in Peru, Ecuador <br />     - Low temperatures in Eastern Pacific <br />     - Heavy floods in Australia<br />     - High Temperature in Western Pacific, Somalia and Indian Ocean<br />     - Good rains in India<br />     - Drought in East Africa (Somalia Drought of 2011 was linked to it)<br />     La Nina is also called:<br />      - Eastern Pacific (EP) La Niña - the normal La Nina<br />      - Central Pacific (CP) La Niña - is an variation of La Nina that occurs mostly in Central Pacific<br />      - "Dateline" La Niña - is an variation of La Nina that occurs near the dateline<br />      - La Niña "Modoki" - is an variation of La Nina that occurs in Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean<br /> <br /> Indian Nino or IOD (Indian Ocean Dipole)<br /> It has two phases:<br /> <br /> - Positive phase - This is characterized by<br />     - High pressure in eastern Indian Ocean near Indonesia<br />     - Low pressure in western Indian Ocean near Africa<br />     - Movement of warm water on the surface of the ocean to the African coast<br />     - Cooling of waters near Indonesia in the eastern Indian Ocean<br />     - Droughts in adjacent land areas of Indonesia and Australia<br />     - Greater precipitation in the western Indian Ocean region<br />     - Good monsoons in India<br /> <br /> - Negative phase - This is characterized by<br />     - High pressure in western Indian Ocean near Africa<br />     - Low pressure in eastern Indian Ocean near Indonesia<br />     - Movement of warm water on the surface of the ocean to the Indonesian coast<br />     - Cooling of waters near Africa in the western Indian Ocean<br />     - Bad monsoons in India<br />     - Greater precipitation and rainfall near Indonesia and Western Australia.<br /> <br /> An average of four positive and four negative Indian Nino events have occurred in a 30 year period, with each event lasting for about six months. Since 1980, 12 positive IODs have taken place.  Only positive IODs occured from 1992 till 2010. There was a very strong negative IOD event in late 2010.<br /> <br /> <br /> Atlantic Nino or Atlantic Equatorial Mode<br /> It has two anomalies:<br /> <br /> - Warm anomaly - It is characterized by<br />     - High Pressure in western Atlantic Ocean near the Americas<br />     - Low pressure in eastern Atlantic Ocean near Africa<br />     - Relaxed trade winds across the equatorial Atlantic basin<br />     - Warm waters across the tropical Atlantic Ocean<br /> <br /> - Cool anomaly - It is characterized by<br />     - High Pressure in western Atlantic Ocean near the Americas<br />     - Low pressure in eastern Atlantic Ocean near Africa<br />     - Easterly winds arising from Africa<br />     - Warm waters closer to Americas<br /> <br /> <br /> Conclusion<br /> These three weather conditions coexist and are influenced by each other. They are also influenced by other weather and climatic conditions and winds in their respective regions.<br /> <br /> El Nino was prevalent and very intense in the last 2 to 3 years. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has said, that the worst part of El Nino is over and it is reducing its intensity. Usually, a La Nina follows an El Nino period. <br /> <br /> Weather Scientists in India are expecting the La Nina effect to hit India around September. If this is coupled with a positive Indian Nino, India can expect a very good monsoon.<br /> <br /> By  Pratibh Nanduri </div>

La- Nina

Tropical oceanic-atmospheric phenomenon Tropical oceanic-atmospheric phenomenon  La- Nina El-Nino Because of the following force...

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